Battle of Peachtree Creek - Civil War - Atlanta Campaign

Battle of Peachtree Creek - Conflict Date: The Battle of Peachtree Creek was fought July 20, 1864, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders Union Major General William T. ShermanMajor General George H. Thomas21,655 men Confederate General John Bell Hood20,250 men Battle of Peachtree Creek - Background: Late July 1864 found Major General William T. Shermans forces approaching Atlanta in pursuit of General Joseph E. Johnstons Army of Tennessee. Assessing the situation, Sherman planned to push Major General George H. Thomas Army of the Cumberland across the Chattahoochee River with the goal of pinning Johnston in place. This would allow Major General James B. McPhersons Army of the Tennessee and Major General John Schofields Army of the Ohio to shift east to Decatur where they could sever the Georgia Railroad. Once done, this combined force would advance on Atlanta. Having retreated through much of northern Georgia, Johnston had earned the ire of Confederate President Jefferson Davis. Concerned about his generals willingness to fight, he dispatched his military advisor, General Braxton Bragg, to Georgia to assess the situation. Arriving on July 13, Bragg began sending a series of discouraging reports north to Richmond. Three days later, Davis requested that Johnston send him details regarding his plans for defending Atlanta. Unhappy with the generals noncommittal reply, Davis resolved to relieve him and replace him with the offensively-minded Lieutenant General John Bell Hood. As orders for Johnstons relief were sent south, Shermans men began crossing the Chattahoochee. Anticipating that Union troops would attempt to cross Peachtree Creek north of the city, Johnston made plans for a counterattack. Learning of the command change on the night of July 17, Hood and Johnston telegraphed Davis and requested that it be delayed until after the coming battle. This was refused and Hood assumed command. Battle of Peachtree Creek - Hoods Plan: On July 19, Hood learned from his cavalry that McPherson and Schofield were advancing on Decatur while Thomas men marched south and were starting to cross Peachtree Creek. Recognizing that a wide gap existed between the two wings of Shermans army, he resolved to attack Thomas with the goal of driving the Army of the Cumberland back against Peachtree Creek and the Chattahoochee. Once it was destroyed, Hood would shift east to defeat McPherson and Schofield. Meeting with his generals that night, he directed the corps of Lieutenant Generals Alexander P. Stewart and William J. Hardee to deploy opposite Thomas while Major General Benjamin Cheathams corps and Major General Joseph Wheelers cavalry covered the approaches from Decatur. Battle of Peachtree Creek - A Change of Plans: Though a sound plan, Hoods intelligence proved faulty as McPherson and Schofield were in Decatur as opposed to advancing against it. As a result, late in the morning of July 20 Wheeler came under pressure from McPhersons men as the Union troops moved down the Atlanta-Decatur Road. Receiving a request for aid, Cheatham shifted his corps to the right to block McPherson and support Wheeler. This movement also required Stewart and Hardee to move to the right which delayed their attack by several hours. Ironically, this sidestep right worked to the Confederate advantage as it moved most of Hardees men beyond Thomas left flank and positioned Stewart to attack Major General Joseph Hookers mostly unentrenched XX Corps. Battle of Peachtree Creek - Opportunity Missed: Advancing around 4:00 PM, Hardees men quickly ran into trouble. While Major General William Bates division on the Confederate right became lost in the Peachtree Creek bottomlands, Major General W.H.T. Walkers men assaulted Union troops led by Brigadier General John Newton. In a series of piecemeal attacks, Walkers men were repeatedly repulsed by Newtons division. On Hardees left, Cheathams Division, led by Brigadier General George Maney, made little headway against Newtons right. Further west, Stewarts corps slammed into Hookers men who were caught without entrenchments and not fully deployed. Though pressing the attack, the divisions of Major Generals William Loring and Edward Walthall lacked the strength to break through XX Corps. Though Hookers corps began strengthening their position, Stewart was unwilling to surrender the initiative. Contacting Hardee, he requested that new efforts be made on the Confederate right. Responding, Hardee directed Major General Patrick Cleburne to advance against the Union line. While Cleburnes men were pressing forward to prepare their attack, Hardee received word from Hood that Wheelers situation to the east had become desperate. As a result, Cleburnes assault was cancelled and his division marched to Wheelers aid. With this action, the fighting along Peachtree Creek came to an end. Battle of Peachtree Creek - Aftermath: In the fighting at Peachtree Creek, Hood suffered 2,500 killed and wounded while Thomas incurred around 1,900. Operating with McPherson and Schofield, Sherman did not learn of the battle until midnight. In the wake of the fighting, Hood and Stewart expressed disappointment with Hardees performance feeling that had his corps fought as hard Loring and Walthall the day would have been won. Though more aggressive than his predecessor, Hood had nothing to show for his losses. Quickly recovering, he began planning to strike at Shermans other flank. Shifting troops east, Hood attacked Sherman two days later at the Battle of Atlanta. Though another Confederate defeat, it resulted in the death of McPherson. Selected Sources Historynet: Battle of Peachtree CreekNorth Georgia: Battle of Peachtree CreekCWSAC Battle Summaries: Battle of Peachtree Creek

The Economics Behind Drug Trafficking and Cartels in...

Imagine living everyday of your life in constant fear. You wake up never knowing for sure what terrible acts of violence and injustice you will encounter, how many people you personally know will die – or if you yourself will die. Imagine that there is no escaping this fear, no one to say everything is going to be alright, and worst of all, no hope. This is the common life of many citizens who live in Mexico, specifically in areas where drug cartels are present. The war against drug trafficking is an ever-present problem, and is seemingly always growing more violent as the cartel’s and gangs power. Drugs are obviously not a constructive product, and countries such as Mexico are suffering in terms of image, prosperity, safety and†¦show more content†¦This study will also attempt to look for reason why drug trafficking and the subsequent violence is so prevalent in certain places, while also trying to find solutions to abate the power of the cartels and drug lord s, and work towards eliminating the morbid amounts of violence and corruption seen both in Mexico and western Africa. Mexico’s Cartels Their Power The almighty and powerful force behind the drug trafficking business is drug cartels. There are many different rival cartels in Mexico, and they collectively are the source of much of the violence that takes place in the country. The cartels are very smart, and very dangerous. They will do almost anything to make sure that their business of transporting illegal drugs does not go interrupted. The cartels have been known to use live dogs and young kids as unknowing drug carriers. They have no concern for what is wrong, and what is right, only what is best for them. This is why they are so dangerous, and this is why they have such an impact. This is why in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, there were 1,652 reported murders in 2008 and almost twice that amount the next year, whereas Los Angeles, a notorious crime-laden city in the United States, had 384 murders in 2008 and 312 the next year (Bowden). The source of the enormous murder rate in Mexico is easily att ributed to the violent cartels. But, what is the reason for all of this bloodshed? The simple answer is money. The Violence

Juicy free essay sample

Notorious B. I. G utilized ethos appeal In order to enlighten the public that change Is conceivable for everybody and he is able to validate this through his experiences. Ethos itself is a method in which a writer uses experiences of his life to depict his position concerning the issue at hand. In this case, Notorious uses multiple examples to show how he transitioned from being in the low class to the upper class. He also gives supporting evidence to show that his transition to such greatness was actually India.With all the evidence and examples being given, Notorious puts everything in chronological order so the listener or reader can follow his rise to glory and fortune. Notorious was born Christopher Wallace and was raised by a single mother. He struggled living in the hardcore and tough streets of Bedford-Stuyvesant. He obviously had to survive the streets any way that he possibly could. We will write a custom essay sample on Juicy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The song Juicy, describes the events In his life and Justifies his Illegal actions. A clear example Is Illustrated In the opening verse of the song.With the statement, To all the people that lived above the buildings that I was hustling front of that called the police on me when I was just trying To make some money to feed my daughter To all my peoples in the struggle, you know what Im saying? Its all good baby, baby, check it (B. I. G). With the first line of the quote, Notorious gives an example of Justification for his actions. He states that he was trying to make money to feed his daughter by hustling. If he did not hustle, one could infer that his daughter could have been tarring from a lack of production from her father.His whole motive for doing such things like selling drugs were all inspired by struggling for his daughter to get the basics that she needed. Notorious soon got the chance to do more than sell drugs as he began gaining fans In the record industry. In the end of the quote previously stated, Notorious says, to all my peoples In the struggle, you know what Im sally? Its all good baby, baby, check It (B. I. G). That In Itself gives the perception that Notorious is trying to identify with the audience who has been in the same position as him. By identifying with those people, he also gives them hope by showing them that he made it and even though that people are from similar background like Notorious, it is possible to make it in life. The overall message that one could obtain from such a quote is that could be to never give up and to keep going no matter what the circumstances may be. Notorious also incorporates the positive aspects from his life by describing how he made the change from a common thief to up close and arsenal with Robin Leach (B.I. G). Robin leach was a celebrity that was famous for his work with other rich celebrities and their extravagant homes. So with Notorious saying that he went from a common thief to being close with someone of such stature, he truly rose to the elite of the social classes. If It was possible for Notorious to overcome his circumstances and become such a successful person, It Is possible that anybody can do the same in becoming great in life. So within the song Juicy by reader an idea on how he rose to glory.Even though he was on the bottom, he strove to rise and be able to provide for his family. All the actions that he took were for the benefit of his family and he was successful in making his family financially stable. Self-Assessment Nile I revised my paper, I looked to see what I can improve in the paper. My thesis Nas revised to be more specific and I had to change some parts of my body paragraph to make my essay compatible with my thesis statement. My thesis is how Notorious uses ethos to show the public how change is possible and uses his experiences to confirm such feelings that he had.

United National Environment Programme (UNEP)

Introduction United National Environment Programme (UNEP) is an international environmental organization under the umbrella of the United Nations (UN). New York harbors the headquarters of the UN while Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna have regional offices and this explains why the location of UNEP offices is in Gigiri, Nairobi Kenya.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on United National Environment Programme (UNEP) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Established more than four decades ago, the main purpose of the organization is to correlate human activities with the environment. Fundamentally, UNEP functions in encouraging all sectors within its mandate to preserve and protect the environment. Through voluntary contribution from cluster members and corporate institutions or persons, UNEP acquires finances needed in running and implementing their strategic plans. Unfortunately, location, bankruptcy, and bureaucracy are some o f the challenges that UNEP faces while implementing the strategic plans. Therefore, UNEP, as an environmental organization, provides the funds used to create awareness about human environment; unfortunately, limited financial aids and political issues are some of the challenges the organization experiences. Under the United Nation system, the United Nation Environmental Program (UNEP) is the main branch that deals with environmental policies. In 1972, the UN assembly established the body to monitor the environment and human activities within the member states and across the world. Although other countries like China are nonmember states, UNEP also monitors their role in preserving or sustaining the natural resources. With its headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya, and regional offices in other parts of the world (but within member states), UNEP accomplishes its role in controlling human activities like farming, hunting, and industrial activities within the environment. Achim Steiner heads the UNEP activities, and he collaborates with other experts to ensure the continuity of life without negative impacts on the future generations. Concisely, the purpose of UNEP is to address environmental problems in over fifty states. Internationally, UNEP coordinates or monitors human activities in relation to the environment. Therefore, UNEP facilitates environmental programs at country, regional, and global level. As aforementioned, the main function of UNEP is to promote environmental science and information (Hiemer 134). Through partnership with corporate institutions, international bodies, nongovernmental organizations, governments of cluster members, and civil societies, UNEP enhances sustainable environmental issues (Rechkemmer 60).Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The first function is to monitor climate change in relation to human activities. The past few years ha ve experienced a decline in the forest cover, natural water resources, and wetland areas. Consequently, the weather patterns have changed with increased in global warming, carbon emissions and discharge of greenhouse gases into the environment. Therefore, UNEP creates awareness about conservation of plants to fight the aforementioned problems. In addition, governments and energy institutions are establishing sources of renewable energy to curb environmental degradation. Secondly, UNEP guides and assesses the environment within countries experiencing political instabilities or natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, wild fires, and tsunamis among others. Thirdly, UNEP restores, monitors, and protects natural ecosystems like the marine, wetlands, and land among others. The fourth function of UNEP is to govern the environment especially during regional, country, or global developments (Meyer-Ohlendorf and Knigge 30). Fifth, UNEP concentrates on waste management systems in member co untries. Through its expertise, UNEP ensures safe disposal of harmful/hazardous wastes like heavy metals to preserve the environment and human health. Finally, it guides, promotes, and assesses the sustainable use of natural resources like land for farming activities or trees for paper manufacturing by human beings. UNEP relies on financial aid from cluster members countries, international organizations, corporate societies, and private institutions to implement its plans. Major funding for UNEP is from Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, United States, France, and Netherlands. In addition, other contributions are from trust funds, support kitties, and counterpart groups (bodies within the UN) and the UN regular budget. UNEP uses its funds to implement most of its plans. Commonly, UNEP uses its funds to employ environmental experts who carry out the functions of the organizations. Secondly, the organization also channels the funds to establish other minor organizations to assist in runn ing its activities. Some of the minor bodies or partnerships under UNEP include Global Programme of Action (GPA), which oversees the pollution of marines especially from land activities, and Montreal protocol that manages the usage of substances that deplete ozone layer, convention of biodiversity, and convention on migratory species/endangered species among others (Meyer-Ohlendorf and Knigge 15). Moreover, UNEP uses its funds to facilitate and educate communities on emerging issues about the environment. The funds also assist in writing environmental journals and circulars to enhance the creation of environmental awareness or establishment of environmental projects like harvesting of rainwater in rural communities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on United National Environment Programme (UNEP) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although UNEP has achieved some of its functions like reduction of carbon emissions, the foremost challenges lie in funding, location of headquarters, and other political issues like leadership. Lack of frequent funding from organizations or member countries is the main problem that UNEP faces. The financial contributions lack assessment, which makes it hard for the organization to draw its expenditure budget. Sometimes, a member state may decline to assist in a given financial year. Most of the UN organizations’ headquarters are in either New York or Geneva. However, the offices of UNEP are in Nairobi, Kenya, which has led to disagreements from some of the member states. Other states point at the political instability and safety issues as the major problems in Kenya. Sadly, due its location, other states decline to assist in the funding of the organization. Other problems originate from political issues like leadership, which contribute to instability of the organization. According to Inavova, UNEP has failed in implementing the principal tasks accorded to it; t herefore, environmentalists and policy makers are pushing for restructuring of the institution (10). The recommendation to change the organization from UNEP to UNEO by some of the stakeholder is yet to bear fruits. Furthermore, some of the stakeholders recommend the assessment of funds from voluntary contribution to curb bankruptcy in the organization. In summary, UNEP is a powerful organization that has led to improvement in environmental activities across the world. Established in 1972, the organization is the UN organization that has seen worldwide partnerships and corporations preserve environmental degradation. The UNEP’s six main obligations focus on climatic issues, ecosystem preservation, environmental leadership, waste management, and disaster management. Other smaller organizations and agreement under UNEP assist in implementing the functions of UNEP. Although the organization draws most of its finances from voluntary countries, especially from the European Union, b ankruptcy is among the main problem it experiences. Political interference and location of the UNEP’s headquarters are the two other problems the organization is yet to handle. Finally, rebranding of the organization name, activities, and funding are the recommendations environmentalists and other stakeholders are pointing at as the possible solutions.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Hiemer, Matthew. â€Å"The UN Environment Programme: Thinking Globally, Retreating Locally†. Yale human rights development law journal 1.4 (1998): 132-137. Inavova, Maria. â€Å"Can the anchor hold? Rethinking the United Nations environmental Programme for the 21st century†. Yale center for environmental law and policy 7.3 (2002): 9-14. Meyer-Ohlendorf, Nils, and Knigge, Markus. A UN environmental organization. New York: Center for UN Reform Education, 2007. Rechkemmer, Andreas. Uneo — Towards an International Environment Organization:  Approaches to a Sustainable Reform of Global Environmental Governance. German: Nomos Publishers, 2005. This essay on United National Environment Programme (UNEP) was written and submitted by user Channing Rodgers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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